During the laser cutting process of cold-bent carbon steel, burr defects are one of the more common problems. Burrs not only affect the appearance quality of the cut parts, but may also have an adverse effect on subsequent processing and use. Therefore, it is crucial to take targeted solutions to reduce and eliminate burrs.
Laser cutting parameters have a direct impact on the generation of burrs. First, the laser power should be adjusted reasonably. Too high power may cause excessive melting of the material and form larger burrs; too low power may cause incomplete cutting and also produce burrs. Secondly, the cutting speed also needs to be precisely controlled. If the speed is too fast, the laser energy will not have time to fully act on the material, which will make the cutting surface rough and produce burrs; if the speed is too slow, the material will overheat and burrs will also be easily formed. In addition, parameters such as pulse frequency also need to be optimized according to the thickness, material and other characteristics of cold-bent carbon steel to achieve the best cutting effect and reduce the generation of burrs.
Auxiliary gas plays an important role in laser cutting. For cold bending laser cutting, oxygen is usually used as the auxiliary gas. The oxygen purity should be high and the impurity content should be low to ensure its oxidation effect. Appropriate gas pressure can effectively blow away the slag generated during the cutting process and reduce the possibility of slag adhering to the cutting surface to form burrs. Generally speaking, as the thickness of carbon steel increases, the auxiliary gas pressure needs to be appropriately increased, but excessive pressure should also be avoided to prevent stripes or increased roughness on the cutting surface. At the same time, the gas flow rate also needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that a stable airflow is formed in the cutting area and the slag is discharged smoothly.
The performance of the cutting head is directly related to the cutting quality. The focal length of the cutting head should be accurately adjusted to ensure that the laser beam can form the best focused spot on the cutting surface, so that the energy distribution is uniform and the burrs caused by uneven energy are reduced. In addition, the nozzle design of the cutting head is also critical. The appropriate nozzle shape and size can enable the auxiliary gas to better act on the cutting area and improve the slag removal effect. Some advanced cutting heads also have an automatic tracking function, which can adjust the height of the cutting head in real time according to the fluctuations of the material surface during the cutting process, maintain a stable cutting gap, and effectively reduce the generation of burrs.
Before laser cutting, proper pretreatment of cold-bent carbon steel can improve cutting quality and reduce burrs. For example, clean the surface of the material to remove impurities such as oil and dust to prevent these impurities from affecting the absorption of laser energy and the discharge of slag during the cutting process. In addition, it is also necessary to perform stress relief treatment on cold-bent carbon steel. Stress will be generated inside the material during the cold bending process, which may cause the material to deform during cutting and generate burrs. Through stress relief treatment, the internal stress of the material can be evenly distributed, the degree of deformation during the cutting process can be reduced, and the appearance of burrs can be reduced.
The stability and precision of laser cutting equipment have an important impact on the cutting quality. Maintain the equipment regularly, check the working status of components such as the laser generator, optical path system, and motion control system to ensure its normal operation. Optical components such as reflectors and focusing mirrors in the optical path system should be kept clean. If they are contaminated or damaged, they should be cleaned or replaced in time to ensure the transmission quality of the laser beam. At the same time, calibrate the moving parts of the equipment to ensure the accuracy and stability of the cutting head during movement, and avoid the reduction of cutting quality and burrs due to shaking or deviation of the equipment.
The solution to burr defects in the cold bending laser cutting process needs to start from multiple aspects, comprehensively considering factors such as optimization of cutting parameters, selection of auxiliary gas, improvement of cutting head performance, material pretreatment, and equipment maintenance and calibration. By taking these targeted solutions, the generation of burrs can be effectively reduced, the quality and efficiency of cold bending laser cutting can be improved, and the high quality requirements of cutting parts in different industries can be met.
